Education Publications Contact Information

Dr. Schaeffer has been Professor and Chairman of the Department of Urology at Northwestern University since 1990. He is best known for his pioneering work in basic and clinical research on urinary tract infections and prostatitis which involves novel concepts for the cause and treatment of these conditions. He has also made major contributions to management of post-prostatectomy incontinence through implementation of a bulbo-urethral sling procedure. Along with colleagues, he was the first to describe the systemic changes in the mucosal adhesive characteristics that increase the ability of pathogenic bacteria to bind to the mucosa and subsequently cause urinary tract infections in women; to develop a self-start technique for patient-based management of urinary tract infections; to demonstrate that pathogenic bacteria modify expression of their adhesive characteristics in vitro and in vivo; and to determine that an immunoglobulin (secretory IgA) present in vaginal fluid modifies susceptibility to urinary tract infections. For these and other accomplishments he was awarded a National Institutes of Health Merit Award Grant to continue research on urinary tract infections. He is currently Chair of the National Institutes of Health Multi-Site Collaborative Research Project on male chronic pelvic pain syndrome (prostatitis) and contributes regularly to international panels to establish guidelines for management of urinary tract infections.

Education

Undergraduate: College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA
Medical school: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
Internship: Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL
Surgery residency: McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
Urology residency: Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA

Selected Publications
The following publications are selected from a total of 118 journal articles.  For more information on Dr. Schaeffer's scholarly productivity, please contact his office.

Journal Articles

1. Rajan N, Pruden DL, Kaznari H, Cao Q, Anderson BE, Duncan JL, Schaeffer AJ. Characterization of an immortalized human vaginal epithelial cell line. J Urol. 163(2): 616-22. 2000.
2. Propert KJ, Schaeffer AJ, Brensinger CM, Kusek JW, Nyberg LM, Landis JR. A prospective study of interstitial cystitis: results of longitudinal followup of the interstitial cystitis data base cohort. The Interstitial Cystitis Data Base Study Group. J Urol. 163(5):1434-9. 2000.
3. Nadler RB, Koch AE, Calhoun EA, Campbell PL, Pruden DL, Bennett CL, Yarnold PR, Schaeffer AJ. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in prostatic secretions are indicators in the evaluation of men with chronic prostatitis. J Urol. 164(1):214-8. 2000.
4. Hochreiter WW, Nadler RB, Koch AE, Campbell PL, Ludwig M, Weidner W, Schaeffer AJ. Evaluation of the cytokines interleukin 8 and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 as indicators of inflammation in prostatic secretions. Urology. 56(6):1025-9. 2000.
5. Clemens JQ, Nadler RB, Schaeffer AJ, Belani J, Albaugh J, Bushman W. Biofeedback, pelvic floor re-education, and bladder training for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urology. 56(6):951-5. 2000.
6. Schaeffer AJ. What do we know about the urinary tract infection-prone individual? J Infect Dis. 183(Suppl 1):S66-9. 2001.
7. Schoor RA, Anderson B, Klumpp DJ, Schaeffer AJ. Secretory IGA differentially promotes adherence of type 1-piliated Escherichia coli to immortalized vaginal epithelial cell lines. Urology. 57(3):556-61. 2001.
8. Navas-Nacher EL, Dardick F, Venegas MF, Anderson BE, Schaeffer AJ, Duncan JL. Relatedness of Escherichia coli colonizing women longitudinally. Mol Urol. 5(1):31-6. 2001.
9. Schaeffer AJ, Rajan N, Cao Q, Anderson BE, Pruden DL, Sensibar J, Duncan JL. Host pathogenesis in urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 17(4):245-51. 2001.
10. Klumpp DJ, Weiser AC, Sengupta S, Forrestal SG, Batler RA, Schaeffer AJ. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli potentiates type 1 pilus-induced apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappaB. Infect Immun. 69(11):6689-95. 2001.
11. Yap RL, Weiser A, Ozer O, Pazona J, Schaeffer A. Adenocarcinoma arising from a defunctionalized bladder. J Urol. 167(4):1782-3. 2002.
12. Propert KJ, Alexander RB, Nickel JC, Kusek JW, Litwin MS, Landis JR, Nyberg LM, Schaeffer AJ; Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network. Design of a multicenter randomized clinical trial for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urology. 59(6): 870-6. 2002.
13. Schaeffer AJ, Landis JR, Knauss JS, Propert KJ, Alexander RB, Litwin MS, Nickel JC, O'Leary MP, Nadler RB, Pontari MA, Shoskes DA, Zeitlin SI, Fowler JE Jr, Mazurick CA, Kishel L, Kusek JW, Nyberg LM; Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network Group. Demographic and clinical characteristics of men with chronic prostatitis: the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort Study. J Urol. 168(2):593-8. 2002.
14. Batler RA, Sengupta S, Forrestal SG, Schaeffer AJ, Klumpp DJ. Mast cell activation triggers a urothelial inflammatory response mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Urol. 168(2):819-25. 2002.
15. Schaeffer AJ, Knauss JS, Landis JR, Propert KJ, Alexander RB, Litwin MS, Nickel JC, O'Leary MP, Nadler RB, Pontari MA, Shoskes DA, Zeitlin SI, Fowler JE Jr, Mazurick CA, Kusek JW, Nyberg LM; Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network Study Group. Leukocyte and bacterial counts do not correlate with severity of symptoms in men with chronic prostatitis: the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort Study. J Urol. 168(3):1048-53. 2002.
16. Klumpp DJ, Forrestal SG, Karr JE, Mudge CS, Anderson BE, Schaeffer AJ. Epithelial differentiation promotes the adherence of type 1-piliated Escherichia coli to human vaginal cells. J Infect Dis. 186(11):1631-8. 2002.
17. Choi WW, Yap RL, Ozer O, Pins MR, Schaeffer AJ. Lymphoma of the prostate and bladder presenting as acute urinary obstruction. J Urol. 169(3):1082-3. 2003.
18. Nickel JC, Pontari M, Moon T, Gittelman M, Malek G, Farrington J, Pearson J, Krupa D, Bach M, Drisko J; Rofecoxib Prostatitis Investigator Team. A randomized, placebo controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rofecoxib in the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. J Urol. 169(4):1401-5. 2003.
19. Nickel JC, Alexander RB, Schaeffer AJ, Landis JR, Knauss JS, Propert KJ; Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network Study Group. Leukocytes and bacteria in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome compared to asymptomatic controls. J Urol. 170(3):818-22. 2003.
20. Eggener SE, Hua V, Schaeffer AJ, Smith ND. A noninfectious source of renal gas: embolization. J Urol. 170(3):913. 2003.
21. Stern JA, Hsieh YC, Schaeffer AJ. Residual urine in an elderly female population: novel implications for oral estrogen replacement and impact on recurrent urinary tract infection. J Urol. 171(2 Pt 1):768-70. 2004.
22. Schaeffer AJ. Etiology and management of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men. Urology. 63(3 Suppl 1):75-84. 2004.
23. Schaeffer AJ. NIDDK-sponsored chronic prostatitis collaborative research network (CPCRN) 5-year data and treatment guidelines for bacterial prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 24(Suppl 1):S49-52. 2004.
24. Schaeffer AJ, Klumpp DJ, Weiser AC, Sengupta S, Forrestal SG, Batler RA. Infectious response to E. coli: molecular and genetic pathways. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 24(Suppl 1):S57-60. 2004.
25. Alexander RB, Propert KJ, Schaeffer AJ, Landis JR, Nickel JC, O'Leary MP, Pontari MA, McNaughton-Collins M, Shoskes DA, Comiter CV, Datta NS, Fowler JE Jr, Nadler RB, Zeitlin SI, Knauss JS, Wang Y, Kusek JW, Nyberg LM Jr, Litwin MS; Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network. Ciprofloxacin or tamsulosin in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Intern Med. 141(8):581-9. 2004.

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Department of Urology
Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-703
Chicago, IL 60611-3008
(312) 908-8145/ Fax (312) 908-7275 E-mail:  m-grant@northwestern.edu